Monday, March 12, 2012

Provinces of ancient Indus Empire Part-I


Borders of ancient Sind
(From 1600 BC to 2300 BC)
 “Indus Empire most likely had five provinces. Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western and Middle.”

1. Eastern Province: Its most part of countryside and city centers were close Sarsoti, Ghaghar, and Kachang  Eastern province had its boundaries linked with Delhi in east and current Sind or Sindh in west.


2. Middle Province: Current Uch, Sibe, Dhadhar, Khuzdar, Wad and Lusbelo areas were in this province. The southern boundaries of this great province were spread to ocean coast of current Nanger Parker. In this ear of great Indus Empire Ran Cush was not dried out but instead it was a great lake, great ancient rivers Sersoti, Hakro, Indus, and Sault River would fall into this and together they formed a giant lake, that was at that time about 400 squire mile it was surrounded y Kash-je-Khari, Kash-jo-Naar and even sea itself. It was like a bridge between Kathiyawar and Sind.
3. Southern Province: Kash, Kathiyawar combined with north west Gujarat formed this province.
4. Northern Province: It had most of its countryside and village population near river sides of Indus, Jhelum, Ravi, Biyaas and Satlig rivers.

5. Western Province: Except the above mentioned areas the remaining Baluchistan and some areas of Afghanistan Kabul, Kandahar and Halmindi river including Sestan.
It is thought that Harappa, Kaali Bungan, Moen-Jo-Daro and Lothal were capitals of eastern, middle and southern provinces. By the look of area and trade traveling routs southern province was nearest to Moen-Jo-Daro. That was the province to middle the main province. To reach for Kash and Kathiyawar from Moen-Jo-Daro boats were used in the river Indus. Fore going to Lothal and Moen-Jo-Daro, nearest way was from Harappa. Going to Kash was lot more easy. Other places from here were about 50 miles but it was still too difficult because only bull carts were used for means of transport.  Horses and Camels were still not tamed at this time they were still wild animals. To go to Harappa from Mon-Jo-Daro by Indus river with boats was quite time because lack of wind in the river. Wind boats are used in this time because paddle boats are not yet common in this era. But traveling from Kash to southern provinces was far more easy, at least it was in summer to the areas of Sehwan and Kash-Je-Khari because of water pressure traveling in those parts was easy and fast.
While reaching eastern province from southern province was much more difficult but it was easy from middle province. As compared to eastern and southern provinces northern and middle provinces in the growth of Harappa city can be seen the gaps of time. The actual reason for this was the rule of making the land better for middle and northern province. When population began to grow people migrate to the eastern and southern provinces in such way as the beginners of Indus civilization people did in the past. From all the historical ruins found in this area of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan prove the link between them.
Book: Ancient borders of Sind By: Hafiz Abdul Sattar Korejo
Translated: M.Hassan

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